Informatics Publishing Limited

B. M. Patel ¹, R. B. Patel ¹, P. C. Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Agriculture, Anand, G. S., IN

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop is one of the most important cereal crops in Gujarat and in many other states in the country. Wheat grain is used as human food and straw as fodder for the cattle. Wheat fodder is considered to be poor in nutrients. It has been observed by I.V.R.I. and by Sen that the chemical composition of a fodder differs at different stages of growth.

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Dilip Kumar ¹, Trilok C. Aseri ², R. B. Patel ³

Affiliations
1 Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), A Scientific Society of the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Government of India, A-34, Phase-8, Industrial Area, Mohali -160071, IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (PEC), Deemed University, Sector-12, Chandigarh-160012, IN
3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University (MMU), Mullana, Ambala-133203, IN

Abstract

A wireless sensor network is an autonomous system of sensor connected by wireless devices without any fixed infrastructure support. One of the major issues in wireless sensor network is developing a cost effective routing protocol which has a significant impact on the overall network performance in the sensor network. In this paper, we have considered three types of nodes with different battery energy. The key role of the proposed protocol is to maximize the network performance without increasing the network deployment cost. We have compared the quantitative analysis of different protocols in terms of their network deployment cost. Our analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve higher network performance and lower network deployment cost as compared to the existing protocols.

Keywords

Heterogeneous, Clustering, Cost, Lifetime, Sensor Networks.

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V. P. Gaikwad ¹, R. B. Patel ¹, N. D. Bhosale ¹, V. T. Shinde ¹, D. H. Patel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

An investigation was carried out on loamy sand soil during Kharif season of the year 2008-09 to study the effect of organic manures and biofertilizer on soil fertility as well as yield and quality of safed musli under semi-arid hot region at Anand. Application of vermivompost @ 2 t/ha along with Azotobactor gave significantly the higher fasiculated ischolar_main yield (4444 kg/ha) which was at par with application of castor cake @ 1 t/ha either alone or along with Azotobactor and application of neem cake @ 750 kg/ha along with Azotobactor. Application of vermicompost @ 2 t/ha along with ischolar_main treatment of Azotobactor showed significantly the highest sapogenine content (1.494 %) in safed musli. Organic carbon content and available nitrogen of soil were significantly affected by addition of organic manure to safed musli at harvest. Application of vermicompost @ 2 t/ha along with Azotobactor improved organic carbon content, available nitrogen and phosphorus in the field due to application of manures.

Keywords

Safed Musli, Organic Manures, Soil Fertility.

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A. I. Makawana ¹, Hasmukh N. Leua ¹, H. F. Patel ¹, V. K. Patel ¹, R. B. Patel ¹, J. P. Makati ¹

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Experimental Station (N.A.U.), Paria, Dist Valsad, (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is native of Brazil and has attained an important position among plantation crops in India. It is a very important foreign exchange earning crop of India. It was considered as a suitable crop for soil conservation, a forestation and also wasteland development. The estimated area under cashew in India is 8.55 lakh hectares and the production is around 5.73 lakh tons. The national average productivity is 815 kg per hectare (Maruthadurai et al., 2012). In India, it is mainly cultivated in Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala along the West coast and Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal along the East coast. It is also grown to a limited extent in non traditional areas such as Bastar region of Chhattisgarh and Kolar region of Karnataka and in Gujarat. Pest infestation is a major constraint in cashew production. It is attacked by a number of insect pests during different stages of its growth and development. Insect pests limit the production to a great extent as cashew is infested by nearly 200 insect pests at different phonological stages of the crop. A tea mosquito bug responsible to cause 30% yield loss (Devasahayam and Nair, 1986 and Maruthadurai et al., 2012).

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